R
Reframer
R
Reframer

Cognitive Distortions

Understanding these common thinking patterns can help you identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts during the reframing process.

This is a wellbeing tool for personal reflection and growth, not medical advice. If you're experiencing mental health concerns, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Thinking Patterns

All-or-Nothing Thinking

Seeing things in black and white categories. If your performance falls short of perfect, you see yourself as a total failure.

Common Examples

  • "I'm either a complete success or a total failure"
  • "If I make one mistake, I've ruined everything"
  • "People either love me or hate me"

Overgeneralization

Seeing a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat.

Common Examples

  • "I never do anything right"
  • "This always happens to me"
  • "Everyone rejects me"

Future Thinking

Catastrophizing

Exaggerating the importance of things or expecting disaster to strike.

Common Examples

  • "If I fail this test, my life is over"
  • "This headache means I have a brain tumor"
  • "Making this mistake will ruin my career"

Attention

Disqualifying the Positive

Rejecting positive experiences by insisting they 'don't count' for some reason.

Common Examples

  • "They only said that to be nice"
  • "I just got lucky, it wasn't skill"
  • "That compliment doesn't mean anything"

Mental Filter

Picking out a single negative detail and dwelling on it exclusively so your vision of reality becomes darkened.

Common Examples

  • "One person didn't like my presentation, so it was terrible"
  • "I focused only on the one criticism while ignoring all the praise"
  • "That one mistake ruined my whole day"

Emotions

Emotional Reasoning

Assuming that your negative emotions necessarily reflect the way things really are.

Common Examples

  • "I feel guilty, so I must have done something wrong"
  • "I feel like a loser, so I must be one"
  • "I feel scared, so there must be real danger"

Assumptions

Jumping to Conclusions

Making negative interpretations even though there are no definite facts that convincingly support your conclusion.

Common Examples

  • "She didn't text back, she must be angry at me"
  • "They're probably talking about how badly I did"
  • "I know they think I'm incompetent"

Self-Talk

Labeling

An extreme form of overgeneralization. Instead of describing your error, you attach a negative label to yourself.

Common Examples

  • "I'm such an idiot"
  • "She's a complete loser"
  • "I'm worthless"

Responsibility

Personalization

Taking responsibility for events that aren't entirely under your control.

Common Examples

  • "It's my fault the team failed"
  • "If I had been a better parent, this wouldn't have happened"
  • "I'm responsible for everyone's happiness"

Expectations

Should Statements

Trying to motivate yourself with shoulds and shouldn'ts, as if you had to be whipped and punished before you could be expected to do anything.

Common Examples

  • "I should be perfect at everything I do"
  • "I shouldn't feel sad about this"
  • "People should always be fair to me"
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